Scientific Name
Pentapodus bifasciatus

Common Name
White-shouldered whiptail

Biology
Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 7. Head scales reaching forward to between level of posterior and anterior nostrils. Suborbital naked. Lower limb of preopercle with 2 or 3 scale rows. Pelvic fins moderately long, reaching to or almost to level of anus. Axillary scale present. Color: Upper body brown, white on ventral surface. This species is easily distinguished from P. trivittatus by the head scales extending forward to the nostrils, the absence of scales on the suborbital, and presence of a white bar on the upper margin of the opercle.

Classification

Classified By

Bleeker, 1848

Class

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Order

Perch-like fish (Perciformes)

Family

Threadfin breams, Whiptail breams (Nemipteridae)

Distribution

Region

Western Central Pacific

Distribution

Western Central Pacific: Philippines, Indonesia and Singapore. This species has been previously confused with Pentapodus trivittatus.

Range

20°N - 9°S, 92°E - 130°E

Environment

Climate

Tropical

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

Unknown m

Depth To - meters

Unknown m

Zone

reef-associated

Environment

Marine; reef-associated

Trophic Level

3.56 s.e. 0.55 Based on food items.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

False

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

True

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

18.0 cm

Common Length

10.0 cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5005 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: subsistence fisheries

Vulnerability

Low vulnerability (16 of 100)

Resilience

High, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Not Evaluated