English sole (Parophrys vetulus) fish species and information / pictures of English sole - Parophrys vetulus

English sole (Parophrys vetulus) fish species information

Scientific Name
Parophrys vetulus

Common Name
English sole

Biology
Inhabits sand and mud bottoms (Ref. 4925). Young occur in intertidal areas. Feeds on small crustaceans, marine worms, brittle stars and small mollusks (Ref. 6885). Makes extensive migrations (Ref. 6885).

Classification

Classified By

Girard, 1854

Class

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Order

Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes)

Family

Righteye flounders (Pleuronectidae)

Distribution

Region

Eastern Pacific

Distribution

Eastern Pacific: Bering Sea to Bahia San Cristobal, central Baja California, Mexico (Ref. 27436). Hybridizes with Platichthys stellatus - the hybrid, called Inopsetta ischyra, may be found from the Bering Sea to San Francisco, California, USA.

Range

66°N - 26°N, 170°W - 110°W

Environment

Climate

Temperate

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

0 m

Depth To - meters

550 m

Zone

demersal

Environment

Marine; demersal; oceanodromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 550 m (Ref. 6793)

Trophic Level

3.39 s.e. 0.46 Based on food items.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

False

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

False

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

49.0 cm

Common Length

33.0 cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 1.0000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes

Vulnerability

Moderate vulnerability (43 of 100)

Resilience

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=3; tmax=17; K=0.24; Fec=150,000)

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Not Evaluated