Scientific Name
Symphurus atricaudus

Common Name
California tonguefish

Biology
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 94-102; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 77 - 83; Vertebrae: 50 - 53

Classification

Classified By

Jordan & Gilbert, 1880

Class

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Order

Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes)

Family

Tonguefishes (Cynoglossidae)

Distribution

Region

Eastern Central Pacific

Distribution

Eastern Central Pacific: California, USA to the Gulf of California.

Range

46°N -

Environment

Climate

Subtropical

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

2 m

Depth To - meters

201 m

Zone

demersal

Environment

Marine; demersal; depth range 2 - 201 m (Ref. 2850), usually 30 - 80 m (Ref. 9294)

Trophic Level

3.39 s.e. 0.48 Based on food items.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

False

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

False

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

21.0 cm

Common Length

13.0 cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: minor commercial

Vulnerability

Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100)

Resilience

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Least Concern (LC)