Hardyhead silverside (Atherinomorus lacunosus) fish species and information / pictures of Hardyhead silverside - Atherinomorus lacunosus

Hardyhead silverside (Atherinomorus lacunosus) fish species information

Scientific Name
Atherinomorus lacunosus

Common Name
Hardyhead silverside

Biology
Dorsal spines (total): 5 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8-11; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 12 - 17; Vertebrae: 38 - 43. Distal end of upper jaw extending backward to vertical through anterior border of pupil; free edge of dentary bone almost flat, with no posterior elevation; scales in midlateral series 39-44 (Ref. 9760). Ramus of premaxilla long, extending past vertical through anterior border of pupil. Anus at or in front of ventral tips. Four pit-like pores on dorsal surface of head, usually covered by large scale. Axillary scales large but usually shed. Body green, light yellow or brownish. Upper half of body always darker. Most scales edged with black. (see also Ref. 559).

Classification

Classified By

Forster, 1801

Class

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Order

Silversides (Atheriniformes)

Family

Silversides (Atherinidae)

Distribution

Region

Indo-Pacific

Distribution

Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaii, the Samoan and Phoenix islands, north to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland, Australia and New Caledonia. Recently migrated into the eastern Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. Replaced by Atherinomorus insularum in the Hawaiian Islands (Ref. 37816).

Range

32°N - 23°S, 38°E - 154°W

Environment

Climate

Subtropical

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

1 m

Depth To - meters

39 m

Zone

reef-associated

Environment

Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 39 m (Ref. 11897)

Trophic Level

3.28 s.e. 0.47 Based on diet studies.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

True

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

True

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

25.0 cm

Common Length

Unknown cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5005 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually

Vulnerability

Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100)

Resilience

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Not Evaluated