HomeFish encyclopediaRay-finned fishesPerch-like fishSea basses: groupers and fairy bassletsYellowspotted grouper Yellowspotted grouper (Epinephelus timorensis) Scientific name: Epinephelus timorensis Randall & Allen, 1987 The Yellowspotted grouper (Epinephelus timorensis) is a marine fish of the family Serranidae. Native range: Eastern Indian Ocean, Western Australia. Eastern Central Pacific: American Samoa and the Phoenix Islands. BiologyDorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 16-17; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 8. Preopercle angle with 2 - 4 distinctly enlarged serrae; upper edge of the operculum straight or nearly so; nostrils small, subequal; maxilla extends to below rear half of the eye. Color is pale brownish gray with yellow or golden brown spots on the head, nape and chest. A row of dark yellowish brown spots along the margin of the soft dorsal and anal fins and the rear edge of the caudal fin. Pelvic fins with yellowish brown and whitish streaks and a few yellowish brown spots distally.Source: FishBase, licensed CC BY-NC 4.0. Species factsScientific nameEpinephelus timorensisFamilySerranidae (Sea basses: groupers and fairy basslets)OrderPerciformes (Perch-like fish)ClassActinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes)Maximum length26.5Depth range73–210 m (240–689 ft)EnvironmentMarine; demersal; depth range 73 - 210 mClimateTropicalDistributionEastern Indian Ocean: Western Australia. Eastern Central Pacific: American Samoa and the Phoenix Islands.Conservation status (IUCN)Data deficient (DD)Threat to humansHarmlessUsesFisheries: of no interestResilienceMedium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.) SourcesTaxonomy, distribution and biology data: FishBase (Froese, R. and D. Pauly, eds.), licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.Last updated 27 September 2026