Sarawak Giant Threadfin (Polydactylus luparensis)

Biology

Dorsal spines (total): 9; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 11. A species of Polydactylus that differs from all of its congeners by the following combination of characters: 8 dorsal-fin spines, first spine tiny, second spine very strong (its width more than 5 times of width of remaining spines); 13 second dorsal-fin soft rays; 11 anal-fin soft rays; 12 pectoral-fin rays, its length 22?24% (mean 23%) of SL, posterior tip not reaching a vertical through posterior tip of depressed pelvic fin; 6 pectoral filaments, fourth or fifth filament longest, its length 77?85% (mean 81%) of SL, posterior tip extending slightly beyond caudal-fin base; pored lateral-lined scales 67?75 (mean 71); lateral line unbranched, extending onto upper end of lower caudal-fin lobe; 6 scale rows above lateral line, 8 below; 14 gill rakers on upper limb, 18 on lower limb, 32 in total; occipital profile concave; posterior margin of maxilla extending considerably beyond a ver

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