HomeFish encyclopediaRay-finned fishesScorpionfishes and FlatheadsVelvetfishesRough velvetfish Rough velvetfish (Xenaploactis cautes) Scientific name: Xenaploactis cautes Poss & Eschmeyer, 1980 The Rough velvetfish (Xenaploactis cautes) is a marine fish of the family Aploactinidae. Native range: IndWestern Pacific, Gulf of Thailand. BiologyDorsal spines (total): 14; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8-9; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 10; Vertebrae: 27 - 28. Body densely covered with modified scales which form spinous points; depth less than 1/3 SL.. Lachrymal with 3 strong sharp spines, the first of moderate size, points mostly forward, continuous with ridge at base of larger 2nd spine (about equal in length to 3rd), directed downward, slightly curved; 3rd spine points mostly back. Second infraorbital bone with 2 spines, 1 above other, with obscure circular lateral line pore. Interorbit with nearly parallel ridges, stronger posteriorly.Source: FishBase, licensed CC BY-NC 4.0. Species factsScientific nameXenaploactis cautesFamilyAploactinidae (Velvetfishes)OrderScorpaeniformes (Scorpionfishes and Flatheads)ClassActinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes)Maximum length2.8Depth range33–79 m (108–259 ft)EnvironmentMarine; demersal; depth range 33 - 79 mClimateTropicalDistributionIndWestern Pacific: Gulf of ThailandConservation status (IUCN)Not EvaluatedThreat to humansHarmless SourcesTaxonomy, distribution and biology data: FishBase (Froese, R. and D. Pauly, eds.), licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.Last updated 27 September 2026