HomeFish encyclopediaRay-finned fishesPerch-like fishPerchesHeadwater darter Headwater darter (Etheostoma lawrencei) Scientific name: Etheostoma lawrencei Ceas & Burr, 2002 The Headwater darter (Etheostoma lawrencei) is a freshwater fish of the family Percidae. BiologyAttains its greatest abundance in small (1-2 m wide) to medium (3-5 m wide) upland gravel and cobble streams where it is found mainly in moderately-flowing to swift shallow riffles and runs. Adults and juveniles are encountered in pools over gravel and bedrock but not as common there unless the pool is in or near a spring.Source: FishBase, licensed CC BY-NC 4.0. Species factsScientific nameEtheostoma lawrenceiFamilyPercidae (Perches)OrderPerciformes (Perch-like fish)ClassActinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes)Maximum length6.2EnvironmentFreshwater; demersalClimateTemperateDistributionNorth America: 3 disjunct river systems in Kentucky and Tennessee: headwaters of Salt River system; upper Green River system including the Nolin and Mud River systems; and Cumberland River system from Wilburn Creek on the north and Dillard Creek on the south side of the Cumberland River, Smith County, Tennessee, upstream to near Cumberland Falls.Conservation status (IUCN)Not EvaluatedThreat to humansHarmlessResilienceMedium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (tm=2) SourcesTaxonomy, distribution and biology data: FishBase (Froese, R. and D. Pauly, eds.), licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.Last updated 27 September 2026