HomeFish encyclopediaRay-finned fishesPerch-like fishSandperchesHarlequin sandperch Harlequin sandperch (Parapercis maculata) Scientific name: Parapercis maculata Bloch & Schneider, 1801 The Harlequin sandperch (Parapercis maculata) is a marine fish of the family Pinguipedidae. Native range: Western Indian Ocean. BiologyDorsal spines (total): 5; Dorsal soft rays (total): 21; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 17; Vertebrae: 30. This species is distinguished by the following characters: body color in life light brown dorsally, center of scales whitish, 6 irregular, semicircular brown blotches along back that link narrowly to large dark brown spots on about lower 2/3 of body, with the spots vertically elongate anteriorly, horizontally elongate and darker posteriorly; head orangish brown with small dark brown spots dorsally on snout and nape, 7 narrow bluish white bars (3 on opercle and preopercle, 4 radiating from ventral and anterior part of eye); dorsal and anal fins are translucent whitish, the spinous dorsal with a large black basal spot mainly between the 3rd and 5th spines; rows or round orange spots on soft dorsal fin; small irregular white spots on anal fin; dark brown about lower third of caudal fin with small whitish spots along rays, the rest of the fin light grey with small whSource: FishBase, licensed CC BY-NC 4.0. Species factsScientific nameParapercis maculataFamilyPinguipedidae (Sandperches)OrderPerciformes (Perch-like fish)ClassActinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes)Maximum length20.0Depth range25 m (82 ft)EnvironmentMarine; reef-associated; depth range ? - 25 mClimateTropicalDistributionWestern Indian Ocean.Conservation status (IUCN)Not EvaluatedThreat to humansHarmlessResilienceHigh, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.) SourcesTaxonomy, distribution and biology data: FishBase (Froese, R. and D. Pauly, eds.), licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.Last updated 27 September 2026