Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)

Scientific name: Carassius auratus auratus Linnaeus, 1758

Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus)

The Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) is a freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae that grows to about 20 cm (7.9 in). It is easy to keep and peaceful, is best kept in a species tank and needs a tank of at least 210 L (55 US gal), water at 15–30°C (59–86°F) and a pH of 6.0–8.0. Native range: Asia, Central Asia, China, and Japan.

Goldfish care at a glance

Care level
Easy
Temperament
Peaceful
Community tank
Not suitable
Adult size
20 cm (7.9 in)
Minimum tank
210 L (55 US gal)
Temperature
15–30°C (59–86°F)
pH
6.0–8.0
Hardness
5–19 dGH (89–339 ppm)
Diet
Omnivore. Accepts flakes, frozen foods and live foods.

Biology

Dorsal spines (total): 3 - 4; Dorsal soft rays (total): 14-20; Anal spines: 2 - 3; Anal soft rays: 4 - 7; Vertebrae: 30. Body stout, thick-set, caudal peduncle thick and short. Head without scales, broadly triangular, interorbital space broad, snout longer than eye diameter, maxillary reaching posterior nostril or not quite to eye, barbels lacking on upper jaw. Lateral line complete. Dorsal and anal fins with serrate bony spines, pelvic fins short, broad and thoracic. Nuptial tubercles of male fine, on opercle, sometimes on back and a few on pectoral fins. Hybridize readily with carp, hybrids intermediate in most characteristics. Caudal fin with 17-19 rays. Last simple anal ray osseous and serrated posteriorly; no barbels. Pigmentation: Wild-caught specimens, olive brown, slate olive, olive green, with a bronze sheen (

Source: FishBase, licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.

Species facts

Scientific name
Carassius auratus auratus
Family
Cyprinidae (Minnows or carps)
Order
Cypriniformes (Carps)
Class
Actinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes)
Maximum length
32.0
Common length
10.0
Depth range
0–20 m (0–66 ft)
Environment
Freshwater;; pH range: 6.0 - 8.0; dH range: 5 - 19 benthopelagic; potamodromous; depth range 0 - 20 m
Climate
Subtropical
Distribution
Asia: central Asia and China, and Japan. Introduced throughout the world. Asian form of the goldfish. Several countries report adverse ecological impact after introduction.
Conservation status (IUCN)
Not Evaluated
Threat to humans
Potential pest
Uses
Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: highly commercial; bait: occasionally
Resilience
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.17; tm=1; tmax=30)

Sources

Taxonomy, distribution and biology data: FishBase (Froese, R. and D. Pauly, eds.), licensed CC BY-NC 4.0. Aquarium care parameters compiled, checked and converted to metric and imperial units by Guppies.za.net.

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