HomeFish encyclopediaRay-finned fishesCharacinsCharacinsBlack spot piranha Black spot piranha (Pygocentrus cariba) Scientific name: Pygocentrus cariba Humboldt, 1821 The Black spot piranha (Pygocentrus cariba) is a freshwater fish of the family Characidae. Native range: South America, widely distributed in the Orinoco River basin lowlands and tributaries. BiologyHas powerful dentition that can inflict serious bitesSource: FishBase, licensed CC BY-NC 4.0. Species factsScientific namePygocentrus caribaFamilyCharacidae (Characins)OrderCharaciformes (Characins)ClassActinopterygii (Ray-finned fishes)Maximum length27.9EnvironmentFreshwater; pelagicClimateTropicalDistributionSouth America: widely distributed in the Orinoco River basin lowlands and tributaries.Conservation status (IUCN)Not EvaluatedThreat to humansTraumatogenicUsesGamefish: yesResilienceHigh, minimum population doubling time less than 15 months (Preliminary K or Fecundity.) SourcesTaxonomy, distribution and biology data: FishBase (Froese, R. and D. Pauly, eds.), licensed CC BY-NC 4.0.Last updated 27 September 2026