Smooth butterfly ray (Gymnura micrura) fish species and information / pictures of Smooth butterfly ray - Gymnura micrura

Smooth butterfly ray (Gymnura micrura) fish species information

Scientific Name
Gymnura micrura

Common Name
Smooth butterfly ray

Biology
Broad, diamond-shaped ray with a very short tail lacking a dorsal spine (Ref. 26938). Snout protruding. Front edges of disk concave. Tail with low dorsal and ventral finfolds and 3 - 4 dark crossbars (Ref. 7251). Upper surface gray, brown, light green or purple with round spots. Lower surface white (Ref. 6902).

Classification

Classified By

Bloch & Schneider, 1801

Class

Sharks and Rays (Elasmobranchii)

Order

Skates and Rays (Rajiformes)

Family

Butterfly rays (Gymnuridae)

Distribution

Region

Western Atlantic

Distribution

Western Atlantic: Maryland, USA to Brazil. Also Gulf of Mexico and northern South America to Brazil (Ref. 26938). Eastern Atlantic: Senegal, Gambia, Sierra Leone, Cameroon and Democratic Republic of the Congo (to the mouth of Congo River) (Ref. 4439). Reported from Mauritania (Ref. 55783). Nominal records from off Sri Lanka, India, Malaysia, Singapore, Viet Nam, Borneo and Sumatra in Indonesia, and the Philippines need to be verified if indeed it is the same species that occurs in the Atlantic (Ref. 9918).

Range

Unknown

Environment

Climate

Deep-water

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

Unknown m

Depth To - meters

40 m

Zone

demersal

Environment

Marine; brackish; demersal; depth range ? - 40 m (Ref. 5217)

Trophic Level

3.56 s.e. 0.53 Based on food items.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

True

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

False

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

137 cm

Common Length

90.0 cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5001 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: minor commercial

Vulnerability

Moderate to high vulnerability (50 of 100)

Resilience

Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Fec assumed to be

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Data deficient (DD)