Arctic skate (Amblyraja hyperborea) fish species and information / pictures of Arctic skate - Amblyraja hyperborea

Arctic skate (Amblyraja hyperborea) fish species information

Scientific Name
Amblyraja hyperborea

Common Name
Arctic skate

Biology
Found on the lower continental slope (Ref. 6871). Benthic (Ref. 58426). Feed on all kinds of bottom animals (Ref. 3167). Prefer polar temperatures from hatching to maturity and eggs are incubated successfully and regularly in water as cold as 0?C (Ref. 6902). Oviparous. Distinct pairing with embrace. Young may tend to follow large objects, such as their mother (Ref. 205). Eggs are oblong capsules with stiff pointed horns at the corners deposited in sandy or muddy flats (Ref. 205). Egg capsule measures 81-125 mm long and 50-80 mm wide (Ref. 41251).

Classification

Classified By

Collett, 1879

Class

Sharks and Rays (Elasmobranchii)

Order

Skates and Rays (Rajiformes)

Family

Skates (Rajidae)

Distribution

Region

Northeast Atlantic

Distribution

Northeast Atlantic: Spitsbergen to the Greenland-Iceland-Faroe-Shetland Ridge to northern Norway. Northwest Atlantic: Davis Strait between southwestern Greenland and Canada. Southeast Atlantic: southern tip of South Africa (Ref. 6871). Eastern Indian Ocean: off southern Australia (Ref. 6871). Southwest Pacific: New Zealand (Ref. 6871). Eastern Pacific: Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador (Ref. 6871).

Range

82°N - 50°S

Environment

Climate

Deep-water

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

- ? °C

Depth From - meters

140 m

Depth To - meters

2500 m

Zone

bathydemersal

Environment

Marine; bathydemersal; depth range 140 - 2500 m (Ref. 50610), usually 300 - 1500 m (Ref. 3167)

Trophic Level

3.84 s.e. 0.58 Based on food items.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

False

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

False

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

106 cm

Common Length

Unknown cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5010 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: of no interest

Vulnerability

High vulnerability (62 of 100)

Resilience

Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (Fec assumed to be

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Least Concern (LC)