Zonetail butterfly ray (Gymnura zonura) fish species and information / pictures of Zonetail butterfly ray - Gymnura zonura

Zonetail butterfly ray (Gymnura zonura) fish species information

Scientific Name
Gymnura zonura

Common Name
Zonetail butterfly ray

Biology
Demersal inshore, in shallow depths to at least 37 m (Ref.58048). Also found offshore (Ref. 9918). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Smallest individual was 27 cm WD. Caught often by demersal trawl, trammel and gillnet fisheries, and occasionally using tangle nets. Utilized for its meat, but of limited value due to its typically small size (Ref.58048).

Classification

Classified By

Bleeker, 1852

Class

Sharks and Rays (Elasmobranchii)

Order

Skates and Rays (Rajiformes)

Family

Butterfly rays (Gymnuridae)

Distribution

Region

Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Central Pacific

Distribution

Eastern Indian Ocean and Western Central Pacific: India to Indonesia, including Singapore and Thailand.

Range

Unknown

Environment

Climate

Tropical

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

28 m

Depth To - meters

37 m

Zone

reef-associated

Environment

Marine; reef-associated; depth range 28 - 37 m (Ref. 9918)

Trophic Level

3.89 s.e. 0.62 Based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

False

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

True

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

106 cm

Common Length

20.0 cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5001 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: commercial

Vulnerability

Moderate to high vulnerability (47 of 100)

Resilience

Very Low, minimum population doubling time more than 14 years (Fec assumed to be

Threat To Humans

Venomous (Ref. 27550)

IUCN Red List Status

Vulnerable (VU) (A2d+3d+4d)