Peacock sole (Pardachirus pavoninus) fish species and information / pictures of Peacock sole - Pardachirus pavoninus

Peacock sole (Pardachirus pavoninus) fish species information

Scientific Name
Pardachirus pavoninus

Common Name
Peacock sole

Biology
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 62-73; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 48 - 55. Eyes on right side. Dorsal and anal fins separate from caudal fin; pectoral fins absent; pelvic fins unequal, the right one with an elongated base and attached posteriorly to genital papilla (Ref. 9893). Series of toxic glands along the bases of dorsal- and anal-fin rays, their pores visible (Ref. 9893). Reddish brown, densely spotted on head; body and fins of ocular surface also with spots of various sizes and shapes, bordered by a dark rim and some with a blackish spot on center (Ref. 9893).

Classification

Classified By
Lacep?de, 1802
Class
Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)
Order
Flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes)
Family
Soles (Soleidae)

Distribution

Region
Indo-Pacific
Distribution
Indo-Pacific: Sri Lanka east to Samoa and Tonga (Ref. 2334), north to Japan (Ref. 559), south to Onslow, Australia.
Range
32°N - 32°S

Environment

Climate
Tropical
Water Temperature From
Unknown °C
Water Temperature To
Unknown °C
Depth From - meters
2 m
Depth To - meters
40 m
Zone
reef-associated
Environment
Marine; reef-associated; depth range 2 - 40 m (Ref. 1602)
Trophic Level
3.061 s.e. 0.26 Based on food items.
Occurs in Marine / Salt water
True
Occurs in Brackish water
False
Occurs in Fresh Water
False
Occurs on Reefs
True
Is kept in Aquariums
False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length
25.0 cm
Common Length
12.5 cm
Phylogenetic Diversity Index
PD50 = 0.5156 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses
Fisheries: commercial
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (29 of 100)
Resilience
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)
Threat To Humans
  Venomous (Ref. 9137)
IUCN Red List Status
  Not Evaluated