Asia: Japan to the East China Sea, Taiwan, Korea, China and northern Philippines. Spawning grounds of this species are presumed to be in the western Mariana Islands, at a salinity front near 15?N and 140?E (Ref. 54488). Most expensive food fish in Japan. Introduced elsewhere.

Range

46°N - 15°N, 105°E - 170°E

Environment

Climate

Subtropical

Water Temperature From

4 °C

Water Temperature To

27 °C

Depth From - meters

1 m

Depth To - meters

400 m

Zone

demersal

Environment

Marine; freshwater; brackish; demersal; catadromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 1 - 400 m (Ref. 6898)

Trophic Level

3.55 s.e. 0.51 Based on food items.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

True

Occurs in Fresh Water

True

Occurs on Reefs

False

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

150 cm

Common Length

40.0 cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial

Vulnerability

High to very high vulnerability (71 of 100)

Resilience

Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.07)

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Not Evaluated