Hardyhead silverside (Atherinomorus lacunosus) fish species and information / pictures of Hardyhead silverside - Atherinomorus lacunosus

Hardyhead silverside (Atherinomorus lacunosus) fish species information

Scientific Name
Atherinomorus lacunosus

Common Name
Hardyhead silverside

Biology
Dorsal spines (total): 5 - 8; Dorsal soft rays (total): 8-11; Anal spines: 1; Anal soft rays: 12 - 17; Vertebrae: 38 - 43. Distal end of upper jaw extending backward to vertical through anterior border of pupil; free edge of dentary bone almost flat, with no posterior elevation; scales in midlateral series 39-44 (Ref. 9760). Ramus of premaxilla long, extending past vertical through anterior border of pupil. Anus at or in front of ventral tips. Four pit-like pores on dorsal surface of head, usually covered by large scale. Axillary scales large but usually shed. Body green, light yellow or brownish. Upper half of body always darker. Most scales edged with black. (see also Ref. 559).

Classification

Classified By
Forster, 1801
Class
Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)
Order
Silversides (Atheriniformes)
Family
Silversides (Atherinidae)

Distribution

Region
Indo-Pacific
Distribution
Indo-Pacific: Red Sea and East Africa to the Hawaii, the Samoan and Phoenix islands, north to southern Japan and the Ogasawara Islands, south to Queensland, Australia and New Caledonia. Recently migrated into the eastern Mediterranean through the Suez Canal. Replaced by Atherinomorus insularum in the Hawaiian Islands (Ref. 37816).
Range
32°N - 23°S, 38°E - 154°W

Environment

Climate
Subtropical
Water Temperature From
Unknown °C
Water Temperature To
Unknown °C
Depth From - meters
1 m
Depth To - meters
39 m
Zone
reef-associated
Environment
Marine; brackish; reef-associated; depth range 1 - 39 m (Ref. 11897)
Trophic Level
3.28 s.e. 0.47 Based on diet studies.
Occurs in Marine / Salt water
True
Occurs in Brackish water
True
Occurs in Fresh Water
False
Occurs on Reefs
True
Is kept in Aquariums
False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length
25.0 cm
Common Length
Unknown cm
Phylogenetic Diversity Index
PD50 = 0.5005 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses
Fisheries: commercial; bait: usually
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (34 of 100)
Resilience
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (Preliminary K or Fecundity.)
Threat To Humans
  Harmless
IUCN Red List Status
  Not Evaluated