Glasshead grenadier (Hymenocephalus italicus) fish species and information / pictures of Glasshead grenadier - Hymenocephalus italicus

Glasshead grenadier (Hymenocephalus italicus) fish species information

Scientific Name
Hymenocephalus italicus

Common Name
Glasshead grenadier

Biology
Most common at depths less than 500 m (Ref. 1371). Feeds predominantly on pelagic copepods, to a lesser extent on euphausiids and gammarian amphipods, and to a minor extent on shrimps, ostracods, cumaceans, other small crustaceans, and small fish (Ref. 1371). Due to its small size, it is not of significant interest to fisheries (Ref. 1371).

Classification

Classified By

Giglioli, 1884

Class

Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)

Order

Cods (Gadiformes)

Family

Grenadiers or rattails (Macrouridae)

Distribution

Region

Atlantic and Indian

Distribution

Atlantic and Indian: Eastern Atlantic: Portugal to Angola, including the Mediterranean. Western Atlantic: Florida Straits through the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea to northern Brazil. Indian Ocean: Gulf of Aden, Zanzibar and Maldives (Ref. 26165).

Range

43°N - 20°S, 97°W - 35°E

Environment

Climate

Subtropical

Water Temperature From

Unknown °C

Water Temperature To

Unknown °C

Depth From - meters

100 m

Depth To - meters

1400 m

Zone

benthopelagic

Environment

Marine; benthopelagic; non-migratory; depth range 100 - 1400 m (Ref. 3587)

Trophic Level

3.4 s.e. 0.51 Based on diet studies.

Occurs in Marine / Salt water

True

Occurs in Brackish water

False

Occurs in Fresh Water

False

Occurs on Reefs

False

Is kept in Aquariums

False

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length

25.0 cm

Common Length

Unknown cm

Phylogenetic Diversity Index

PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses

Fisheries:

Vulnerability

Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100)

Resilience

Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.18; tmax=9)

Threat To Humans

Harmless

IUCN Red List Status

Not Evaluated