Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fish species and information / pictures of Sockeye salmon - Oncorhynchus nerka

Sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) fish species information

Scientific Name
Oncorhynchus nerka

Common Name
Sockeye salmon

Biology
Epipelagic (Ref. 58426). There are two forms, the anadromous form known as the sockeye and the landlocked form (with a much smaller maximum size) known as the kokanee (Ref. 27547). Upon emergence from gravel, fry at first tends to avoid light, hiding during the day and emerging at night (Ref. 27547). In some populations, sockeye fry go to the sea during their first summer but most spend one or two (rarely three or four) years in a lake before migrating (Ref. 30333). In a few streams of the Copper River drainage in Alaska, young sockeye stay in the stream (Ref. 27547). Once in the lake, the young spend a few weeks inshore, feeding largely on ostracods, cladocerans and insect larvae. The fish then become pelagic and move offshore, where they feed on plankton in the upper 20 m or so (Ref. 27547). Seaward migration follows with the young individuals first stay

Classification

Classified By
Walbaum, 1792
Class
Ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii)
Order
Salmons (Salmoniformes)
Family
Salmonids (Salmonidae)

Distribution

Region
North Pacific
Distribution
North Pacific: northern Japan to Bering Sea and to Los Angeles, California, USA (Ref. 2850). Landlocked populations in Alaska, Yukon Territory and British Columbia in Canada, and Washington and Oregon in USA.
Range
72°N - 42°N, 130°E - 109°W

Environment

Climate
Temperate
Water Temperature From
Unknown °C
Water Temperature To
25 °C
Depth From - meters
0 m
Depth To - meters
250 m
Zone
pelagic-oceanic
Environment
Marine; freshwater; brackish; pelagic-oceanic; anadromous (Ref. 51243); depth range 0 - 250 m (Ref. 50550)
Trophic Level
3.73 s.e. 0.39 Based on diet studies.
Occurs in Marine / Salt water
True
Occurs in Brackish water
True
Occurs in Fresh Water
True
Occurs on Reefs
False
Is kept in Aquariums
True

Physical Size and Genetics

Maximum Length
84.0 cm
Common Length
58 cm
Phylogenetic Diversity Index
PD50 = 0.5000 many relatives (e.g. carps) 0.5 - 2.0 few relatives (e.g. lungfishes)

Human Uses and Population

Human Uses
Fisheries: highly commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
Vulnerability
Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100)
Resilience
Medium, minimum population doubling time 1.4 - 4.4 years (K=0.37-0.58; tm=2-4; tmax=7; Fec=300)
Threat To Humans
  Harmless
IUCN Red List Status
  Least Concern (LC)